For this portion of the exam you will be creating the three HTML documents as shown in the handouts.

Instructions

Create a folder on the datadrive and name it: firstname_lastname_exam -- as in doug_johnson_exam

Note: After you complete the exam, please copy your exam folder to a floppy disk. This becomes your back-up in case something goes wrong when your file is uploaded to my server.

Below you will find the images and text required to build the three pages of this website.
Right click and save the images below into the exam folder you have just created.

The three file names you are to use for your HTML documents are:

index.htm

month.htm

survey.htm

For the survey.htm - make the form action to be --- mailto:doug@digitalvertebrae.com

When you have completed the exam, please let me know and I will come over and upload to my server. I will also create a floppy copy as a back-up for myself.

Ensure that your image files are named the same as they are below.

confused.gif

ant.jpg

header.gif

Text for index.htm

True Bugs belong in the insect Order Heteroptera. There are approximately 40,000 species of true bugs in the world, and over 3,800 in the United States.

Defining the Order
The True Bugs are insects that have two pairs of wings, the front or outer pair of each divided into a leathery basal part and a membranous apical part. These wing covers are held over the back and often partly folded. True bugs have hypodermic-needle-like mouthparts that allow them to extract subsurface fluids from plants and animals. Bugs undergo incomplete metamorphosis, with their young looking much like adults, but without wings.

Interesting Facts about True Bugs

Some true bugs have been utilized as food for both humans and pets.
Certain water bugs are used to give particular flavors to Chinese food, and are even imported into California for this purpose.
An examination of commercial "turtle food" may reveal that it is composed largely of small water bugs.
Some bugs are capable of producing a foulsmelling chemical from glands in the sides of their bodies, especially the group known as Stink Bugs. This disagreeable odor turns away predators, but has no staining effect to humans.
The Common Milkweed Bug has bright orange and black colors, and feeds on milkweed plants. These colors are a warning to vertebrate predators that the bug is poisonous, with milkweed plant toxins.
Although sound making in insects is generally restricted to katydids and their relatives, and cicadas, some Assassin Bugs can produce hissing sounds by rasping their feeding tube against the underside of their body.
Aquatic Bugs
Many true bugs are aquatic. Bugs of the Family Notonectidae are known as Water Boatmen, and are capable predators of other insects on the water surface. More familiar is the group of aquatic bugs known as Water Striders, which move on the water surface with their "feet" barely touching the surface. They detect the ripples of other insects on the water and run quickly to capture and kill the prey. Water scorpions are true bugs in the Family Nepidae that have long breathing tubes on their rear ends, which enables them to breathe air while still under water. They can survive in warm ponds or polluted waters low in oxygen.

The Marvel of Insect Wings
Insects can hover, fly backwards, accelerate suddenly to over 150 kilometres per hour, and perform acrobatics that put a fighter pilot to shame.

Yet science has spent the past three decades struggling to explain how. Aeroplanes rely on a smooth flow of air over wings that are forced forward by their engines. Insects, which lack engines, flap their wings to get airborne, creating an unstable, turbulent air flow that actually generates several times more lift than conventional aerodynamics predicts.

"The better we understand the functioning of insect wings, the more subtle and beautiful their designs appear. Structures are traditionally designed to deform as little as possible; mechanisms are designed to move componant parts in predictable ways. They have few if any technological parallels yet." - (Robin J. Wootton, "The Mechanical Design of Insect Wings", Scientific American, v. 263, November 1990, p.120 )

Visit Scientific American for more information on bugs!

Text for month.htm

Black Ant
Order: Hymenoptera ("membrane winged")

Characteristics: Elbowed antennae: biting mouthparts; if present, two pairs of membranous wings, fore and hindwings hooked together; abdomen constricted at base giving appearance of a waist which bears characteristic nodes or scales; metamorphosis complete, with egg, larval, pupal and adult stages; possess complex social system.

Family: Formicidae

Species Characteristics: Black Ant (Lasius Niger). Workers 3.4 - 5mm long, queens 15mm long;

Colour: workers dark brown-black, queens mid-brown; waist of only one segment.

Distribution: In Britain comparatively few indigenous species, which nest outdoors, are likely to enter houses regularly. One such species is the Common black ant (Lasius niger). An active insect, it nests outside in grass and walls and under paving. It will forage widely in search of food, which is how it comes to enter domestic premises.

Significance: Foraging worker ants cause a nuisance as they travel widely in search of food, following well-defined trails and clustering around the food source. Sweet foods are preferred. In gardens their excavations around plant roots make the soil excessively dry. They will also cultivate greenfly, themselves pests, in order to obtain the sugary honeydew secretions that these aphids produce. On the other hand they can be beneficial; predators of other insects and general scavengers. They are obviously an unpleasant sight and may damage food used for human consumption.

Life-cycle: The gregarious habits of ants have resulted in the development of a caste system, whereby individuals are responsible for specialised duties within the community. There are:

workers (sterile females)
fertile males
queens (fertile females).
The worker ants build and extend the nest, look after larval forms and forage for food, whereby they become pests. The queens do none of these duties, but remain almost exclusively within the nest. Mating amongst sexual individuals takes place on the wing. These spectacular swarms involve large numbers of ants. The actual swarms only persist for 2 - 3 hours. After mating the males perish but the females shed their wings and dig a cell in the soil where they overwinter. The eggs are laid in late spring and the white legless larvae hatch 3 - 4 weeks later. The larvae are fed on secretions from the queen's salivary glands until fully grown, when they will pupate, forming the well-known "ant eggs". From these pupae emerge the first brood of worker ants. These workers take over foraging duties and tend subsequent broods. The sexual forms are not produced until later. The entire cycle takes about 2 months to complete. Under favourable conditions a nest may persist for several years.